He aha ngā āhuatanga nui e pā ana ki te utu o te mīhini whakaranu rīpene e tukuna ana e ngā kaihanga Hainamana?

Whakautu Tere

He kaihanga Hainamana Kaiwhakaranu Rīpene e ārahihia ana te whakahuatanga ee rima ngā taurangi utu matua: rauemi hanga me te whakaotinga mata (te maitai waro vs. te kowiri tira 316L, te pupuhi onepu vs. te oro whakaata), hanganga whakaranu matua (te whirihoranga rīpene, te hoahoa o te pou, te tika o te miihini), ngā waitohu wāhanga hiko (ā-rohe, ā-Siemens/ABB/SEW rānei), te uaua o te pūnaha hiri (te tākai vs. te horoi hau vs. te hiri miihini), me ngā kōwae āwhina ritenga (ngā koti, ngā pūnaha rehu, te whakatauranga ātete-pahū). Tērā pea ka tīmata he waeine maitai waro 40L taketake i te taha o 3,400 tāra, i te mea ka taea e te mīhini whakaranu rongoā 316L hauora me te aunoatanga katoa te neke atu i te 60,000 tāra Kei te whiwhi hea ngā kaiwhakarato mākete waenga Hainamana mā te tuku kounga rite tonu ki 30–40% ngā utu iti iho atu i ngā kawemai a Ūropi i roto i USD 20,000–60,000 wāhanga .

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ko te kounga rauemi te utu kotahi nui rawa atuHe nui ake te kounga o te maitai 316L i te 304, ā, ka tāpirihia e te oro whakaata (Ra ≤ 0.4μm) 2–3× te utu mahi o te pupuhi onepu .

• Ko te whakatakotoranga hiri te utu e tino whakaititia ana: he utu mō te hiri horoi-hau 2–3× he hiri tākai māmā, ā, ka taea e te hiri miihini te nui ake i te utu o te motuka iti .

• He pānga nui te whiriwhiri i te waitohu hiko ki te utuHe nui ake te utu o ngā wāhanga Siemens, ABB, SEW, me Schneider i ngā wāhanga rite o Haina .

• Ka whakanuia e ngā kōwae ritenga te utu: ko ngā koti whakamahana/whakamatao, ngā pūnaha rehu wai, me te horoi CIP ka tāpiri atu ki te utu turanga .

• Ko te utu waenga o Haina he 30–40% i raro iho i ngā kawemai a Ūropi kei roto i te awhe USD 20,000–60,000, engari ko ngā wāhanga akuaku teitei tonu e pai ake ana ki ngā waitohu Pākehā mō te whakamana uaua .

He aha Kāore he "Utu Paerewa" mō te Rīpene Whakaranu

I whiwhi utu te kaiwhakahaere hoko e tono ana i ngā utu mai i ētahi kaihanga Hainamana e toru mō tētahi "whakaranu rīpene 2,000L" 8,500 tāra, 14,200 tāra, me 26,800 tāraI whakahuahia e ngā kaiwhakarato e toru ngā utu tūturu mō ngā whirihoranga tūturu. Ko ngā rerekētanga kei roto i ngā mea kei roto i ia whakahuatanga: te maitai waro me te 316L, te hiri tākai me te hiri horoi hau, ngā whakapā ā-whare me te Siemens, me te mea i tohua he koti whakamahana me te pūnaha rehu.

He hanganga tēnei tauira, ehara i te mea tinihanga. He mea hanga te mīhini whakaranu rīpene tūemi taputapu whakapaipai ka taea te whirihora, ā, e whakaata ana te whakatau utu i te tapeke o ngā kōwhiringa whakatakotoranga. Mā te mārama ki te hoahoa utu ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakarite i ngā whakatau utu i runga i ngā kupu ōrite, kaua i runga i ngā tau matua.

Kaupapa 1: Rauemi Hanga me te Whakaotinga Mata

Ko te whakatakotoranga rauemi ko te mea nui rawa atu hei whakatau i te utu o ngā taputapu turanga mō te rūma whakaranu, te kaiwhakaoho, me te taupoki.

Kowiri tira

304 kowiri tira koinei te tūāpapa mō ngā tono kai, rongoā, me ngā matū pai me te ātete waikura taurite. 316L maitai kore waikura ka tohua ina he tote kei roto i te paura, he kaha ake rānei ōna āhuatanga waikawa, kawakore rānei Ko te whānuitanga o ngā mīhini whakaranu rīpene a Shenyin e tuku ana 304, 316L, 321 kowiri tira, maitai waro, maitai konupora, Hardox450, me te JFE450 hei kōwhiringa rauemi, e āhei ai te whiriwhiri i runga i te kaha ki te haehae me te waikura.

He nui te rerekētanga utu i waenga i te maitai waro me te 316L, ā, e whakaata ana i te utu o ngā rauemi mata. Ko Haina te kaihanga maitai kowiri tira nui rawa atu o te ao, e whakarite ana i te urunga pono ki ngā taumata 304 me te 316L, engari he pai ake ngā huānga whakarewa (molybdenum i roto i te 316L) i te maitai waro. .

Te Maimoatanga Mata

He nui te mahi hei whakapau kaha mō te whakaotinga o te mata, ā, e kore e tino whakaarohia e ngā kaihoko.

Te pupuhi onepu, te whakapūkara/te whakakore rānei ko te kōwhiringa iti ake te utu, ka puta he taratara o te mata e tika ana mō ngā mahi kāore i te hauora. Heoi, nā te taratara o te mata ka uaua ake te piri me te horoi o te rauemi. .

Te whakakanapa ā-mīhini kia rite ki te āhua whakaata (Ra ≤ 0.4μm) me mahi ā-ringa āta, me utu hoki 2–3 ngā wā teitei ake i te pupuhi onepuKo te painga he whakaiti i ngā toenga rauemi, ā, he māmā ake te horoi—he whakaritenga taketake mō ngā taputapu rongoā me ngā taputapu kai. Ka teitei ake te kounga oro, ka teitei ake te utu. .

Mō tētahi mīhini whakaranu kounga-rongoā, he maha ngā wā ka wehewehea te utu waenga-rahi mai i te utu teitei e te whakatakotoranga o te mutunga mata i tētahi atu taonga raina kotahi.

Tauwehe 2: Hanganga Whakaranu Matua

Te Kaiwhakaoho Rīpene ā, ko te huihuinga o ngā pou tete ngākau mahi o te mīhini whakaranu, ā, ko te uaua o te hoahoa me te tika o te miihini ka pā tika ki te mahi whakaranu me te utu o ngā taputapu. .

Whirihoranga rīpeneKo te rīpene takirua o roto, o waho hoki te whirihoranga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakaranu paura maroke. Ko ngā whirihoranga rerekē—ngā huinga hoe-me-rīpene, ngā rīpene motumotu/wāhanga rānei—kua tohua mō ngā wero rere motuhake engari ka tāpirihia he utu hoahoa me te hanga. .

Te hoahoa o te pouKo te kōwhiringa i waenga i te rakau totoka me te rakau tuwhera, te whānui o te rakau, te kounga rauemi, me te maimoatanga wera ka pā ki te pakari me te roa. Mō ngā mīhini nui, ka taea e te rakau totoka matotoru te tāpiri mano tāra USD ki te utu rauemi anake Ko te waeine 20m³ me whai pūnaha toki me te whāriki pakari ake i te waeine 1m³, ā, ka taurite te utu.

E whakaatu ana te ripanga hua a Shenyin i tēnei tauine: ka piki te mana o te motuka mai i 2.2 kW mō te tauira 0.1m³ ki 110 kW mō te tauira 35m³, me te tere o te porowhita e heke ana mai i 76 RPM ki 11 RPM i te pikinga ake o te kaha. E whakaata ana ēnei whakatakotoranga i ngā hiahia ā-pūkaha o ngā rahinga puranga nui ake, ā, e pā tika ana ki te whakatau utu.

Tauwehe 3: Ngā Wāhanga Hiko me te Puku

Ko ngā pūnaha hiko me te pūnaha taraiwa e whakatau ana i te pumau o te mahi me te roa o te ratonga, ā, ko te whakatakotoranga waitohu he te rerekētanga utu nui .

Ngā waitohu o te ao pērā i Siemens, ABB, SEW, LENZE, Omron, me Schneider he nui ake te utu i ngā wāhanga hiko ā-rohe o Haina. Mō te kaihoko i roto i tētahi ahumahi kua whakahaeretia e te ture, he mea nui te wā mahi me te wātea o ngā wāhanga tāpui, tera pea he tika te utu nui. Mō te kaihoko i roto i tētahi mākete e aro nui ana ki te utu me ngā hanganga ratonga ā-rohe e whakaaetia ana, ka tino whakaitihia e ngā wāhanga ā-rohe te utu whakatau tata. .

Kei roto hoki i te pūnaha taraiwa te whakaiti me hononga motuka-pouaka taputapu (tika, pūrei, hononga waipēhi rānei), he rerekē ngā pānga utu o ia mea. Ahakoa he kōwhiringa ngā puku auau rerekē (VFD), ka tāpirihia he utu engari ka taea te whakarerekē tere mō ngā momo matotoru paura rerekē.

Kaupapa 4: Ngā Pūnaha Hiri me te Whariki

Ko te pūnaha hiri he te take utu e warewarehia ana e whakatau tika ana mēnā ka taea e te taputapu te mahi pono i roto i tōna roanga mahi .

Ka whakaurua te hau kōpeke ki waho o te takai e te hiri horoi hau hei hanga i tētahi ārai e ārai ana i te putanga o te paura. Kua tohua tēnei whirihoranga mō ngā paura tino angiangi, puehu rānei, ina taea e te takai anake te turuturu. .

Ko te kōwhiringa o ngā peera—mai i kawemai, mai i te mea hanga ki Haina—ka tāpirihia he taurangi utu anō. Mō ngā tono kawenga nui, mahi tonu, ka tohua pea ngā peera kawemai mō te pono; mō te mahi wā poto, ka rawaka pea ngā peera ā-whare.

Take 5: Ngā Wāhanga Āwhina Ritenga

I tua atu i te mīhini matua, e whakaata ana te kōrero i ngā kōwae āwhina kua tohua mō te tono. E whakaū ana a Shenyin e tautoko ana i whakaritenga whānui kore-paerewa, tae atu ki te whakamahana, te whakamaroke, te tango puehu, me ngā kōwae whāngai aunoa.

Ko ngā kōwae e tino kitea ana i roto i ngā korero a ngā kaihanga Hainamana ko:

• He koti whakamahana/whakamataoKa taea te whakawhiti wera ā-kore i te wā e whakaranua ana. He mea nui mō ngā paura tairongo-wera, mō ngā whakamahinga whakamaroke korehau rānei.

• Pūnaha rehu waiNgā pūwero, te papu ine, me te tāke mō te tāpiri wai iti e whakahaeretia ana.

• Pūnaha horoi CIPTe āheinga horoi-i-te-wāhi aunoa, kua piki haere te whakapūmautanga mō ngā tono rongoā me te kai.

• Whirihoranga ātete-pahūtangaNgā motuka me ngā wāhanga hiko ātete-pahū mō ngā taiao puehu mura. E kī ana a Shenyin ka taea te whakarite i ngā hanganga ātete-pahū me ngā pūnaha tango puehu kati mō ngā rauemi mura me ngā rauemi pahū.

• Ngā whakapai ake i te takirere tukuHe keti maripi, he mono wai, he takirere porowhita rānei mō ngā paura piripono, ngā paura utu nui rānei ina kore e whakaaetia ngā rauemi toenga.

Ka tāpirihia he utu e ia kōwae, ā, ka taea e te pānga whakaemi te te utu mīhini taketake rua ina tohua he maha ngā kōwae.

Ripanga: Ngā Ārahi Utu Whakatakotoranga me ō rātou Pānga Whakatairanga

Horopaki Mākete: He aha i Whakataetae ai ngā Whakataukī Hainamana

E kiia ana ko te kaha whakaputa mīhini whakaranu rīpene ā-motu o Haina kei te 12,000–15,000 ngā waeine ia tau, e tohu ana i te āhua 35–40% o te kaha whakaputa o te ao . Ka tautokohia e tēnei tauine ngā utu whakataetae, inā koa i te wāhanga waenga-mākete.

Kei te whiwhi wāhi ngā kaihanga Hainamana mai i ngā kawemai i roto i te USD 20,000–60,000 whānuitanga mā te tuku kounga rite tonu i 30–40% ngā utu iti ihoI ngā mākete kaweake, he whakataetae te utu o ngā mīhini whakaranu Hainamana i 30–50% te utu iti iho i ngā kōwhiringa kē atu i a Ūropi, i a Hapanihi rānei .

Heoi, ko te wāhanga akuaku teitei—te wāhi e hiahiatia ana ngā whakaritenga whakamana uaua, te kounga whakarewa ōrite, me ngā mata kua orohia-hiko—kei te pai tonu ngā waitohu Pākehā pēnei i a amixon, GEA, me Hosokawa Me whai whakaaro ngā kaihoko i roto i ngā tono rongoā e hiahia ana ki ngā tuhinga whakamana katoa ki tēnei ki roto i tā rātou rautaki hoko: me whai mana anō pea ki te whakamana me te tuhi tuhinga mō te utu iti iho i te Hainamana kia tutuki ai ngā tumanakohanga ture.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te mea nui rawa e pā ana ki te utu mō te whakaranu rīpene Hainamana?

Rauemi hanga me te whakaotinga mata ko te tikanga te take o te rerekētanga utu nui rawa atu. Ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i te maitai waro me te kowiri tira 316L, me te pupuhi onepu me te oro whakaata (Ra ≤ 0.4μm), ka taea te neke i te utu mā te rua, neke atu rānei ngā wā i mua i te tāpirihia o ētahi kōwae āwhina. .

He aha i tino rerekē ai ngā whakatau utu e rua mō te kaha kotahi?

Tērā pea he rerekē ngā whakaritenga mō te "whakaranu 2,000L". Tērā pea ka tohua he maitai waro me te hiri tākai me ngā wāhanga hiko o te whare; tērā pea ka tohua e tētahi te 316L me ngā hiri horoi hau, ngā wāhanga Siemens, me te koti whakamahana. Me tono ngā kaihoko ngā kōrero taipitopito e wehewehe ana i ngā utu mō te mīhini turanga, ngā rauemi, te hiko, te hiri, me ngā utu mō te kōwae āwhina.

E hia te nui o te tāpiri a te pūnaha hiri ki te utu?

He mea māmā noa iho Hiri tākai PTFE ko te tūāpapa. He hiri horoi hau ngā utu 2–3 ngā wā te hiri tākai nā te whakaurunga hau pēhi me te miihini tāpiri. A hiri mīhini koinei te kōwhiringa tino utu nui, ā, ka nui ake pea te utu o tētahi mōtini iti Me ōrite te whakatakotoranga o te hiri ki te matotoru o te paura me te wā tiaki e hiahiatia ana.

Ka nui ake te utu i te whakakanapa whakaata?

Āe. Te whakakanapa ā-mīhini ki te Ra ≤ 0.4μm e hiahiatia ana he mahi ā-ringa me ngā utu 2–3 ngā wā nui atu i te pupuhi onepu Mō ngā mahi rongoā, kai rānei e hiahiatia ana te whakamana horoi, kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i tēnei utu. Mō ngā mahi kore-hauora, he rawaka pea te whakamahi i te pupuhi onepu, te whakapūkara rānei.

He aha te pānga o ngā waitohu wāhanga hiko ki te whakatau utu?

Ngā waitohu o te ao pēnei i Siemens, ABB, SEW, me Schneider he nui ake te utu i ngā wāhanga o roto o Haina . Ko te utu nui e whakaata ana i te pono, te wātea o ngā wāhanga tāpui, me te hototahi ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere puta noa i te tipu. Me tohu e ngā kaihoko te whakaritenga waitohu i roto i te patai kia rite ai ngā utu.

Ko ēhea ngā kōwae āwhina e whakanui ana i te utu?

Ngā koti whakamahana/whakamatao, ngā pūnaha rehu wai, te horoi CIP, me ngā whirihoranga ātete-pahūtanga ko ngā kōwae tāpiri utu tino noa. E whakaū ana a Shenyin kei te wātea ngā kōwae whakamahana, whakamaroke, tango puehu, me te whāngai aunoa hei kōwhiringa ritenga. Me whakamārama ia kōwae e tētahi whakaritenga tukanga motuhake, kaua e tohua mā te taunoa.

He mea whiriwhiri ngā utu mō te whakaranu rīpene Hainamana?

Āe, inā koa mō ngā ota nui me ngā hononga mahi tahi mō te wā roaNgā tuku a Shenyin ngā hekenga taumata mō ngā hoko nui, me ngā hoa mahi roa e whiwhi ana i te whakaputanga matua me ngā wāhanga mau kore utu. Ko te wā whai mana o te whakahuatanga mana ko 30 ngā rāMe whakamārama e ngā kaihoko mēnā kei roto i te whakatau utu te aratohu tāutanga, te whakangungu, me ngā tikanga pūtāhui, nā te mea ka pā ēnei ki te utu katoa o te mana.